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You are familiar with the sensation of heartburn if you have ever experienced a sharp burn that travels from your stomach to your throat. It occurs when stomach acid moves upward. But what actually causes it? Here are ten common explanations:
1. Consuming excessive amounts of food at once
When the stomach is overloaded, pressure builds up and forces acid upward. That’s why heartburn often strikes after buffets, weddings, or late-night feasts.
2. Spicy meals
Chilies, hot sauces, and heavily seasoned dishes can irritate the stomach and trigger acid reflux in many people.
3. Fatty or fried foods
Greasy meals take longer to digest and relax the valve between the stomach and food pipe, making it easier for acid to rise.
4. Coffee and caffeinated drinks
Caffeine is known to relax the lower esophageal sphincter—the muscle that usually keeps stomach acid in its place. This makes coffee and energy drinks common culprits.
5. Fizzy beverages
Carbonated drinks create gas and bloating, which can push acid up toward the throat.
6. Lying down right after eating
When you lie flat after a meal, gravity no longer helps keep acid in the stomach. That’s why late-night snacking often leads to heartburn in bed.
7. Smoking
Nicotine weakens the protective valve and increases acid production, doubling the risk of reflux.
8. Alcohol
Beer, wine, or stronger drinks not only irritate the stomach but also relax the valve, making acid escape more easily.
9. Pregnancy
During pregnancy, hormonal changes and the pressure of the growing baby often make heartburn a daily struggle.
10. Certain health conditions
Problems like obesity, GERD (acid reflux disease), or a hiatal hernia increase the likelihood of frequent heartburn
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